Fatores determinantes do controle da criminalidade em gestão de políticas de segurança pública / Determinantes del control de la criminalidad en la gestión de políticas de seguridad pública / Determinants of crime control in public security policy management

Resumo É alvo central de discussões a temática relacionada à segurança pública no país, especialmente, no tocante aos índices de criminalidade. Este estudo aborda a temática a partir da Teoria Econômica da Escolha Racional e de teorias de base sociológica que buscam explicar as causas do crime. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar fatores determinantes para o controle dos índices de criminalidade a partir de dados do estado do Espírito Santo. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados dados secundários, tendo como referência o modelo teórico proposto. Adotou-se, ainda, como método de teste de hipóteses, o modelo de regressão linear, com o auxílio do software SPSS Statistics, versão 25. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o elemento relativo à empregabilidade da população influencia direta e significativamente o controle dos índices de crimes de homicídios dolosos e de crimes contra o patrimônio. Ademais, conjugado ao emprego (atividades laborais formais), os fatores renda e educação da população demonstraram influenciar positivamente no controle dos crimes contra o patrimônio.

Resumen La temática relacionada con la seguridad pública en el país es objeto central de discusión, especialmente con respecto a los índices de criminalidad. Este estudio aborda el tema a partir de la teoría económica de la elección racional y las teorías sociológicas que buscan explicar las causas del delito. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores determinantes para el control de los índices de criminalidad con base en datos del estado de Espírito Santo. Este es un estudio con un enfoque cuantitativo. Se utilizaron datos secundarios, basados en el modelo teórico propuesto. El modelo de regresión lineal también se adoptó como método de prueba de hipótesis, con la ayuda del software SPSS Statistics versión 25. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el elemento relacionado con la empleabilidad de la población influye directa y significativamente en el control de los índices de homicidios dolosos y delitos contra la propiedad. Además, combinado con el empleo (actividades laborales formales), los factores ingresos y educación de la población han demostrado tener una influencia positiva en el control de los delitos contra la propiedad.

Abstract The topic related to public security in Brazil is central in discussions regarding crime rates. This study approaches the theme from the economic theory of rational choice and sociological theories that seek to explain the causes of crime. The study's objective was to identify determining factors for controlling crime rates based on data from the state of Espírito Santo. This is a study with a quantitative approach. Secondary data were used, based on the proposed theoretical model. The linear regression model was also adopted as a hypothesis testing method, with the aid of the SPSS Statistics software version 25. The results show that the element related to the population's employability directly and significantly influences the control of crime rates, intentional homicides, and crimes against property. Furthermore, combined with employment (formal labor activities), the population's income and education positively influence the control of crimes against property.

Producers' access to agricultural credit in Turkey: the case of Adana province / Fatores que determinam o acesso dos produtores ao crédito agrícola na Turquia: o caso da província de Adana

ABSTRACT: The issue of producers' access to agricultural credit is the key word in contemporary debates in the sense that this theme is increasingly addressed at conferences and scientific congresses. This is explained by the fact that agricultural credit is today considered as an important key to the development of the agricultural sector in developing countries. This study examined the factors influencing producers' access to agricultural credit in Turkey, precisely in the province of Adana. Questionnaire-based surveys were conducted on a sample of 101 producers trained in a simple random. From the analysis of the results obtained, we deduced that socio-economic factors such as the total area of land used, the irrigated area, the ratio between the total share of land used and the total owned land, then the ratio between the number of agricultural assets of the household and the total number household members play a preponderant role in the access of producers to agricultural credit. Since agricultural credit is perceived as an important lever in terms of the development of the agricultural sector in Turkey; it is therefore imperative, based on these research results, to develop policies aiming to improve producers' access to agricultural credit.

RESUMO: A questão do acesso dos produtores ao crédito agrícola é palavra-chave nos debates contemporâneos, na medida em que este tema é cada vez mais abordado em conferências e congressos científicos. Isso se explica pelo fato de que o crédito agrícola é hoje considerado uma importante chave para o desenvolvimento do setor agrícola nos países em desenvolvimento. Este estudo examina os fatores que influenciam o acesso dos produtores ao crédito agrícola na Turquia, precisamente na província de Adana. Pesquisas baseadas em questionário foram realizadas em uma amostra de 101 produtores treinados de forma aleatória simples. A partir da análise dos resultados obtidos, deduzimos que fatores socioeconômicos como a área total de terra usada, a área irrigada, a proporção entre a parcela total de terra usada e o total de terras possuídas, então a proporção entre o número de ativos agrícolas da família e o número total de membros da família desempenham um papel preponderante no acesso dos produtores ao crédito agrícola. Como o crédito agrícola é percebido como uma alavanca importante em termos de desenvolvimento do setor agrícola na Turquia, é, portanto, imperativo, com base nesses resultados da pesquisa, desenvolver políticas destinadas a melhorar o acesso dos produtores ao crédito agrícola.

Factores determinantes para la atención clínica odontológica de pacientes con discapacidad / Determining factors for the clinical dental care of patients with disabilities

Objetivo: identificar los factores, inherentes a la práctica clínica, que determinan la atención odontológica de pacientes con discapacidad. Métodos: realización de estudio descriptivo, de alcance explicativo, cuantitativo y corte transversal; aplicación de en-cuesta dirigida a odontólogos que ejercen como profesionales independientes, con la cual se midieron variables de caracterización, conocimientos, habilidades, percepción, infraestructura y atención del paciente con discapacidad. También, se desarrolló un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y multivariado. Resultados: no todos los odontólo-gos recibieron formación para la atención clínica de personas con discapacidad; algu-nos conocen los métodos de comunicación alternativa y aumentativa y, de estos, una mayoría representativa no los sabe manejar. Sobre la infraestructura, se identificó que esta cumple parcialmente con la normatividad y que la mayoría de los profesionales se sienten medianamente preparados para llevar a cabo esta atención, por lo que el 67,3% (99) afirmó atender esta población con sus protocolos clínicos habituales, pero, el 83,7% (123) manifestó brindar la atención solo en casos de urgencia odontológica. Los factores que determinan la atención del paciente con discapacidad están relacio-nados con la cantidad de pacientes asistentes, las experiencias negativas previas, las habilidades en el manejo de la consulta, la sensación de preparación y los años de ex-periencia clínica. Conclusiones: las experiencias negativas previas en la práctica clínica con pacientes con discapacidad son determinantes; para su disminución se sugiere la urgente implementación de técnicas comunicativas, la adecuación de infraestructura y el desarrollo de habilidades para la atención integral e inclusiva.

Objective: Identify the factors that establish dental clinic care for patients with disabilities, that are inherent to the professional and to the clinical practice. Methods:A descriptive study of explanatory quantitative cross-cutting score was done. It was applied to dentists that worked independently where characterization variables, abilities, perception, infrastructure were measured, and attention to the patient in a situation of disability. A descriptive, correlational, multivariate analysis. Results: Only some dentists received the I information for the clinic care of patients in a situation of disability. Only some of them know the methods of alternative and augmentative communication and most of them don't know how to work with them. The infrastructure partially complies with the regulations and most of the professionals feel moderately prepared, so 67,3%(99) attend those patients in their usual clinical practice, but 83,7%(123) would attend them only in an emergency case. The factors that establish dental clinic care for patients with disabilities are related with the quantity of patients in a situation of disability, the previous, negative experiences, management skills in the consult, preparation sensation and the years of clinical experience. Conclusions: The previous negative experiences in the clinical practice with patients in a situation of disability are the most important factor for the dental clinic care for patients with disabilities, these experiences should decrease a from implementation of communication techniques, infrastructure adjustments and the development of abilities for the comprehensive and inclusive attention.

Knowledge, attitude, practice and determining factors regarding nutrition during pregnancy among females of rural Punjab

Background: The health of a pregnant mother and her nutritional status can influence the health and survival of the growing foetus because of the biological link between them. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and determining factors regarding nutrition during pregnancy among females of rural Punjab.Methods: 359 mothers of 2 months to 24 months old children were selected from Verka block of district Amritsar using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using a semi structured and pretested questionnaire. Analysis was done using frequency distribution, simple percentages and inferential statistics of chi-square was used to test hypothesis at 5% level of significance.Results: Findings reveal that 81.1% of respondents stressed on adding extra diet during pregnancy out of which only 77.3% of mothers actually added or increased one or more food items. Place of residence, education and parity were significantly associated with knowledge regarding diet increase during pregnancy. Fear of caesarean section and difficult labour were the main reasons given for not adding extra diet during pregnancy.Conclusions: The study however suggests that there is a need for educating the mothers regarding importance of diet during pregnancy.

Health-related quality of life in patients with Chagas disease: a review of the evidence

Chagas disease (ChD), a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), remains a serious public health issue in Latin America and is an emerging disease in several non-endemic countries, where knowledge of the condition and experience with its clinical management are limited. Regionally, the disease is the major cause of disability secondary to tropical diseases in young adults. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impairment is common in patients with ChD, especially in those with Chagas dilated cardiomyopathy, the most severe manifestation of the disease, which frequently leads to heart failure. The aim of this review was to conduct a literature search for studies that have evaluated the determining factors of HRQoL in ChD patients. We included cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and experimental studies, as well as clinical trials that evaluated the HRQoL in ChD patients aged 18 to 60 years and are presenting an explicit description of statistical analysis. Using a combination of keywords based on Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) for searches in PubMed and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), 148 studies were found. After exclusions, 12 studies were selected for analysis. Three main findings were extracted from these studies: 1) cardiac involvement is associated with a worse HRQoL in ChD patients; 2) HRQoL is associated with the patients' functional capacity; and 3) simple and inexpensive therapeutic measures are effective for improving HRQoL in ChD patients. Hence, ChD patients' functional capacity, the effectiveness of non-surgical conservative treatment, and cardiac involvement are important determining factors for the HRQoL in ChD patients.

Análise de fatores sócio-econômico-culturais e ambientais relacionados com o défict ponderal de crianças ao nascimento em 1999, em Manaus-AM, Brasil

The present study has investigated the causes of weight deficit at birth, emphasizing the interaction between social, economical, cultural and environmental variables, as the Low Weighted Birth (LWB) determining factors. The population studied comprised 371 mothers and their live newborn non-twinned children, whose births had occurred in a Manaus public maternity hospital from September 1998 to May 1999. The predominance of Adequately Weighing of Recently Born Children was 69,5%, whereas 8,9% and 21,6% of the children were in the low and not enough weight categories, respectively. Young age, short height and low educational status were recorded as the mothers' main characteristics. The analysis of the results allowed us to conclude that the occurrence of weight deficit of children at birth is high in Manaus, and that mothers' low level of education, teenage pregnancy, fathers' absence, and precarious mother-child welfare care, probably a result from badly managed pre-natal welfare planing, are amongst the most important determining factors. The family's low income was also worsened by the occurrence of high numbers of members, which reduces the intra-familiar food purchasing power.

Investigou-se as causas do nascimento de crianças com défict ponderal, enfatizando-se como determinante do Baixo Peso ao Nascer (BPN), o sinergismo entre algumas variáveis sociais, econômicas, culturais e ambientais. A população estudada compreendeu 371 mães, com seus respectivos recém- nascidos vivos não gemelares, cujos partos ocorreram no período de setembro de 1998 a maio de 1999, em uma maternidade pública de Manaus. Constatou-se a predominância de Recém- Nascidos de Peso Adequado (69,5%), sendo que 8,9% e 21,6%, das crianças se enquadraram nas categorias de Baixo Peso e Peso Insuficiente, respectivamente. Como principais fatores maternos foram detectados a baixa idade, baixa estatura e baixa escolaridade. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite concluir que é elevada a ocorrência de déficit ponderal ao nascer em Manaus, sendo seus principais determinantes (p 0,05): gravidez na adolescência, início de realização do pré-natal e ganho de peso durante a gestação. Merecem destaque também o comportamento das variáveis: baixa escolaridade materna, ausência paterna, precariedade na assistência materno- infantil, possivelmente em decorrência de um pré-natal mal conduzido, baixo poder aquisitivo das famílias, agravado pelo número excessivo de seus integrantes, o que determina a diluição do poder de compra de alimentos intrafamiliar.

Adipose Tissue and Serum Levels of PCBs and DDE in Women with Gynecologic Benign Disease / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was purposed to determine the levels of PCBs and DDE in adipose tissue and serum and to evaluate the relations with factors affecting these levels. METHODS: We analyzed adipose tissues and sera from 52 gynecologic benign disease patients aged 27-78 years, except hormonal diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. We also surveyed age, education, occupation, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, number of children, and duration of breastfeeding by questionnaires. Tissue and serum levels of PCBs and DDE were measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS: The median and geometric mean levels of PCBs were 48. 29 ng/g, 56. 78 ng/g for adipose tissue and 4. 67 uc/L, 4. 85 m/L for serum, and those of DDE were 142.89 ng/g, 117.06 ng/g for adipose tissue and l. 75 m/L, 2.09 ua/L for serum, respectively. Adipose tissue and serum levels for DDE showed high correlation (r=0. 310, p=0. 0002), but those of PCBs didn' t (r=0.029, p=0.2582). In analyses of the differences of the means of log transformed adipose tissue and serum PCBs and DDE levels for groups of potential covariates, only adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly associated with number of children (p=0.015), age at first birth (p=0.014) and BMI (p=0.035). In multiple regression analysis, adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly increased with decreasing number of children and increasing age at first birth. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that parity and adiposity were associated with levels of DDE in adipose tissue, and adipose tissue is a better biomarker than serum for evaluating the long-term exposure of organochlorines.